PVC Pipes - Friction Loss and Flow Velocity - Schedule 80
Water flow in thermoplastic PVC and CPVC pipes Schedule 80 - friction loss (ft/100 ft, psi/100 ft) and flow velocities at dimensions from 1/2 inch to 16 inches
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Friction loss and flow velocity in PVC and CPVC pipes Schedule 80 with water can be found in the table below. The table may be also be used for pipes in other thermoplastic materials where the inner diameter corresponds to PVC Schedule 80.
- 1 ft (foot) = 0.3048 m
- 1 ft/s = 0.3048 m/s
- 1 gal (US)/min =6.30888x10-5 m3/s = 0.0227 m3/h = 0.0631 dm3(liter)/s = 2.228x10-3 ft3/s = 0.1337 ft3/min
- 1 psi/100 ft = 2.3 ftH2O/100 ft = 2288 mmH2O/100 ft = 22.46 kPa/100 m
Note! Velocity should in general not exceed 5 feet per second to avoid damaging noise and wear and tear of pipes and fittings.
The values can be used to calculate pressure loss with the Equivalent Pipe Length Method.
| 1/2 inches | ||||
| Volume Flow (gal/min) |
Volume Flow (gal/hr) |
Velocity (ft/sec) |
Friction Head (ft/100ft) |
Friction Loss (psi/100 ft) |
| 1 | 60 | 1.5 | 4.0 | 1.7 |
| 2 | 120 | 3.0 | 8.0 | 3.5 |
| 5 | 300 | 7.4 | 45.2 | 19.6 |
| 7 | 420 | 10.3 | 83.1 | 36.0 |
| 3/4 inches | ||||
| Volume Flow (gal/min) |
Volume Flow (gal/hr) |
Velocity (ft/sec) |
Friction Head (ft/100ft) |
Friction Loss (psi/100 ft) |
| 1 | 60 | 0.7 | 0.9 | 0.4 |
| 2 | 120 | 1.6 | 1.7 | 0.7 |
| 5 | 300 | 3.9 | 9.7 | 4.2 |
| 7 | 420 | 5.5 | 11.8 | 7.7 |
| 10 | 600 | 7.8 | 33.8 | 14.7 |
| 15 | 900 | 11.8 | 71.7 | 31.1 |
| 1 inches | ||||
| Volume Flow (gal/min) |
Volume Flow (gal/hr) |
Velocity (ft/sec) |
Friction Head (ft/100ft) |
Friction Loss (psi/100 ft) |
| 2 | 120 | 0.9 | 0.9 | 0.4 |
| 5 | 300 | 2.3 | 2.6 | 1.2 |
| 7 | 420 | 3.3 | 5.0 | 2.2 |
| 10 | 600 | 4.7 | 9.6 | 4.2 |
| 15 | 900 | 7.0 | 20.4 | 8.8 |
| 20 | 1200 | 9.4 | 34.7 | 15.0 |
| 25 | 1500 | 11.7 | 52.4 | 22.7 |
| 30 | 1800 | 14.0 | 73.5 | 31.8 |
| 1 1/4 inches | ||||
| Volume Flow (gal/min) |
Volume Flow (gal/hr) |
Velocity (ft/sec) |
Friction Head (ft/100ft) |
Friction Loss (psi/100 ft) |
| 2 | 120 | 0.5 | 0.2 | 0.1 |
| 5 | 300 | 1.3 | 0.7 | 0.3 |
| 7 | 420 | 1.8 | 1.2 | 0.5 |
| 10 | 600 | 2.6 | 2.3 | 1.0 |
| 15 | 900 | 3.9 | 4.9 | 2.1 |
| 20 | 1200 | 5.2 | 8.3 | 3.6 |
| 25 | 1500 | 6.5 | 12.6 | 5.4 |
| 30 | 1800 | 7.8 | 17.6 | 7.6 |
| 35 | 2100 | 9.1 | 23.4 | 10.1 |
| 40 | 2400 | 10.4 | 30.0 | 13.0 |
| 45 | 2700 | 11.7 | 37.3 | 16.1 |
| 50 | 3000 | 13.0 | 45.3 | 19.6 |
| 1 1/2 inches | ||||
| Volume Flow (gal/min) |
Volume Flow (gal/hr) |
Velocity (ft/sec) |
Friction Head (ft/100ft) |
Friction Loss (psi/100 ft) |
| 2 | 120 | 0.4 | 0.1 | 0.04 |
| 5 | 300 | 0.9 | 0.3 | 0.1 |
| 7 | 420 | 1.3 | 0.6 | 0.2 |
| 10 | 600 | 1.9 | 1.0 | 0.5 |
| 15 | 900 | 2.8 | 2.2 | 1.0 |
| 20 | 1200 | 3.8 | 3.8 | 1.6 |
| 25 | 1500 | 4.7 | 5.7 | 2.5 |
| 30 | 1800 | 5.6 | 8.0 | 3.4 |
| 35 | 2100 | 6.6 | 10.6 | 4.6 |
| 40 | 2400 | 7.5 | 13.6 | 5.9 |
| 45 | 2700 | 8.4 | 16.9 | 7.3 |
| 50 | 3000 | 9.4 | 20.5 | 8.9 |
| 60 | 3600 | 11.3 | 28.7 | 12.4 |
| 2 inches | ||||
| Volume Flow (gal/min) |
Volume Flow (gal/hr) |
Velocity (ft/sec) |
Friction Head (ft/100ft) |
Friction Loss (psi/100 ft) |
| 5 | 300 | 0.6 | 0.1 | 0.04 |
| 7 | 420 | 0.8 | 0.2 | 0.07 |
| 10 | 600 | 1.1 | 0.3 | 0.1 |
| 15 | 900 | 1.7 | 0.6 | 0.3 |
| 20 | 1200 | 2.2 | 1.1 | 0.5 |
| 25 | 1500 | 2.8 | 1.6 | 0.7 |
| 30 | 1800 | 3.4 | 2.3 | 1.0 |
| 35 | 2100 | 3.9 | 3.0 | 1.3 |
| 40 | 2400 | 4.5 | 3.8 | 1.7 |
| 45 | 2700 | 5.0 | 4.8 | 2.1 |
| 50 | 3000 | 5.6 | 5.8 | 2.5 |
| 60 | 3600 | 6.7 | 8.1 | 3.5 |
| 70 | 4200 | 7.8 | 10.8 | 4.7 |
| 75 | 4500 | 8.4 | 12.3 | 5.3 |
| 80 | 4800 | 8.9 | 13.8 | 6.0 |
| 90 | 5400 | 10.1 | 17.2 | 7.5 |
| 100 | 6000 | 11.2 | 20.9 | 9.1 |
| 2 1/2 inches | ||||
| Volume Flow (gal/min) |
Volume Flow (gal/hr) |
Velocity (ft/sec) |
Friction Head (ft/100ft) |
Friction Loss (psi/100 ft) |
| 5 | 300 | 0.4 | 0.05 | 0.02 |
| 7 | 420 | 0.5 | 0.07 | 0.03 |
| 10 | 600 | 0.8 | 0.1 | 0.05 |
| 15 | 900 | 1.2 | 0.3 | 0.1 |
| 20 | 1200 | 1.6 | 0.4 | 0.2 |
| 25 | 1500 | 2.0 | 0.7 | 0.3 |
| 30 | 1800 | 2.3 | 0.9 | 0.4 |
| 35 | 2100 | 2.7 | 1.3 | 0.5 |
| 40 | 2400 | 3.1 | 1.6 | 0.7 |
| 45 | 2700 | 3.5 | 2.0 | 0.9 |
| 50 | 3000 | 3.9 | 2.4 | 1.1 |
| 60 | 3600 | 4.7 | 3.4 | 1.5 |
| 70 | 4200 | 5.5 | 4.5 | 2.0 |
| 75 | 4500 | 5.9 | 5.1 | 2.2 |
| 80 | 4800 | 6.2 | 5.8 | 2.5 |
| 90 | 5400 | 7.0 | 7.2 | 3.1 |
| 100 | 6000 | 7.8 | 8.7 | 3.8 |
| 125 | 7500 | 9.8 | 13.2 | 5.7 |
| 150 | 9000 | 11.7 | 18.5 | 8.0 |
| 3 inches | ||||
| Volume Flow (gal/min) |
Volume Flow (gal/hr) |
Velocity (ft/sec) |
Friction Head (ft/100ft) |
Friction Loss (psi/100 ft) |
| 5 | 300 | 0.3 | 0.02 | 0.01 |
| 7 | 420 | 0.4 | 0.03 | 0.01 |
| 10 | 600 | 0.5 | 0.04 | 0.02 |
| 15 | 900 | 0.8 | 0.09 | 0.04 |
| 20 | 1200 | 1.0 | 0.2 | 0.07 |
| 25 | 1500 | 1.3 | 0.2 | 0.1 |
| 30 | 1800 | 1.5 | 0.3 | 0.1 |
| 35 | 2100 | 1.7 | 0.4 | 0.2 |
| 40 | 2400 | 2.0 | 0.5 | 0.2 |
| 45 | 2700 | 2.2 | 0.7 | 0.3 |
| 50 | 3000 | 2.5 | 0.8 | 0.4 |
| 60 | 3600 | 3.0 | 1.1 | 0.5 |
| 70 | 4200 | 3.5 | 1.5 | 0.7 |
| 75 | 4500 | 3.7 | 1.7 | 0.7 |
| 80 | 4800 | 4.0 | 1.9 | 0.8 |
| 90 | 5400 | 4.5 | 2.4 | 1.0 |
| 100 | 6000 | 5.0 | 2.9 | 1.3 |
| 125 | 7500 | 6.2 | 4.4 | 1.9 |
| 150 | 9000 | 7.5 | 6.2 | 2.7 |
| 175 | 10500 | 8.7 | 8.3 | 3.6 |
| 200 | 12000 | 10.0 | 10.6 | 4.6 |
| 250 | 15000 | 12.5 | 16.0 | 6.9 |
| 4 inches | ||||
| Volume Flow (gal/min) |
Volume Flow (gal/hr) |
Velocity (ft/sec) |
Friction Head (ft/100ft) |
Friction Loss (psi/100 ft) |
| 20 | 1200 | 0.6 | 0.04 | 0.02 |
| 25 | 1500 | 0.7 | 0.06 | 0.03 |
| 30 | 1800 | 0.9 | 0.08 | 0.04 |
| 35 | 2100 | 1.0 | 0.1 | 0.05 |
| 40 | 2400 | 1.2 | 0.1 | 0.06 |
| 45 | 2700 | 1.3 | 0.2 | 0.07 |
| 50 | 3000 | 1.4 | 0.2 | 0.09 |
| 60 | 3600 | 1.7 | 0.3 | 0.1 |
| 70 | 4200 | 2.0 | 0.4 | 0.2 |
| 75 | 4500 | 2.2 | 0.5 | 0.2 |
| 80 | 4800 | 2.3 | 0.5 | 0.2 |
| 90 | 5400 | 2.6 | 0.6 | 0.3 |
| 100 | 6000 | 2.9 | 0.8 | 0.3 |
| 125 | 7500 | 3.6 | 1.2 | 0.5 |
| 150 | 9000 | 4.3 | 1.6 | 0.7 |
| 175 | 10500 | 5.0 | 2.2 | 0.9 |
| 200 | 12000 | 5.7 | 2.8 | 1.2 |
| 250 | 15000 | 7.2 | 4.2 | 1.8 |
| 300 | 18000 | 8.6 | 5.8 | 2.5 |
| 350 | 21000 | 10.0 | 7.8 | 3.4 |
| 400 | 24000 | 11.5 | 9.9 | 4.3 |
| 5 inches | ||||
| Volume Flow (gal/min) |
Volume Flow (gal/hr) |
Velocity (ft/sec) |
Friction Head (ft/100ft) |
Friction Loss (psi/100 ft) |
| 30 | 1800 | 0.5 | 0.03 | 0.01 |
| 35 | 2100 | 0.6 | 0.04 | 0.02 |
| 40 | 2400 | 0.7 | 0.04 | 0.02 |
| 45 | 2700 | 0.8 | 0.06 | 0.03 |
| 50 | 3000 | 0.9 | 0.07 | 0.03 |
| 60 | 3600 | 1.1 | 0.1 | 0.04 |
| 70 | 4200 | 1.3 | 0.1 | 0.06 |
| 75 | 4500 | 1.3 | 0.1 | 0.06 |
| 80 | 4800 | 1.4 | 0.2 | 0.07 |
| 90 | 5400 | 1.6 | 0.2 | 0.09 |
| 100 | 6000 | 1.8 | 0.2 | 0.1 |
| 125 | 7500 | 2.3 | 0.4 | 0.2 |
| 150 | 9000 | 2.7 | 0.5 | 0.2 |
| 175 | 10500 | 3.2 | 0.7 | 0.3 |
| 200 | 12000 | 3.6 | 0.9 | 0.4 |
| 250 | 15000 | 4.5 | 1.3 | 0.6 |
| 300 | 18000 | 5.4 | 1.9 | 0.8 |
| 350 | 21000 | 6.3 | 2.5 | 1.1 |
| 400 | 24000 | 7.2 | 3.2 | 1.4 |
| 450 | 27000 | 8.1 | 4.0 | 1.7 |
| 500 | 30000 | 9.0 | 4.8 | 2.1 |
| 6 inches | ||||
| Volume Flow (gal/min) |
Volume Flow (gal/hr) |
Velocity (ft/sec) |
Friction Head (ft/100ft) |
Friction Loss (psi/100 ft) |
| 50 | 3000 | 0.6 | 0.03 | 0.01 |
| 60 | 3600 | 0.8 | 0.04 | 0.02 |
| 70 | 4200 | 0.9 | 0.05 | 0.02 |
| 75 | 4500 | 0.9 | 0.06 | 0.03 |
| 80 | 4800 | 1.0 | 0.07 | 0.03 |
| 90 | 5400 | 1.1 | 0.08 | 0.04 |
| 100 | 6000 | 1.3 | 0.1 | 0.04 |
| 125 | 7500 | 1.6 | 0.2 | 0.07 |
| 150 | 9000 | 1.9 | 0.2 | 0.1 |
| 175 | 10500 | 2.2 | 0.3 | 0.1 |
| 200 | 12000 | 2.5 | 0.4 | 0.2 |
| 250 | 15000 | 3.1 | 0.6 | 0.2 |
| 300 | 18000 | 3.8 | 0.8 | 0.3 |
| 350 | 21000 | 4.4 | 1.0 | 0.5 |
| 400 | 24000 | 5.0 | 1.3 | 0.6 |
| 450 | 27000 | 5.6 | 1.7 | 0.7 |
| 500 | 30000 | 6.3 | 2.0 | 0.9 |
| 750 | 45000 | 9.4 | 4.3 | 1.8 |
| 1000 | 60000 | 12.5 | 7.2 | 3.1 |
| 8 inches | ||||
| Volume Flow (gal/min) |
Volume Flow (gal/hr) |
Velocity (ft/sec) |
Friction Head (ft/100ft) |
Friction Loss (psi/100 ft) |
| 125 | 7500 | 0.9 | 0.05 | 0.02 |
| 150 | 9000 | 1.1 | 0.05 | 0.02 |
| 175 | 10500 | 1.3 | 0.08 | 0.03 |
| 200 | 12000 | 1.4 | 0.09 | 0.04 |
| 250 | 15000 | 1.8 | 0.1 | 0.06 |
| 300 | 18000 | 2.1 | 0.2 | 0.09 |
| 350 | 21000 | 2.5 | 0.3 | 0.1 |
| 400 | 24000 | 2.9 | 0.3 | 0.2 |
| 450 | 27000 | 3.2 | 0.4 | 0.2 |
| 500 | 30000 | 3.6 | 0.5 | 0.2 |
| 750 | 45000 | 5.4 | 1.1 | 0.5 |
| 1000 | 60000 | 7.1 | 1.8 | 0.8 |
| 1250 | 75000 | 8.9 | 2.8 | 1.2 |
| 1500 | 90000 | 10.7 | 4.0 | 1.7 |
| 10 inches | ||||
| Volume Flow (gal/min) |
Volume Flow (gal/hr) |
Velocity (ft/sec) |
Friction Head (ft/100ft) |
Friction Loss (psi/100 ft) |
| 200 | 12000 | 0.9 | 0.04 | 0.02 |
| 250 | 15000 | 1.1 | 0.05 | 0.02 |
| 300 | 18000 | 1.4 | 0.07 | 0.03 |
| 350 | 21000 | 1.6 | 0.09 | 0.04 |
| 400 | 24000 | 1.8 | 0.1 | 0.05 |
| 450 | 27000 | 2.0 | 0.1 | 0.06 |
| 500 | 30000 | 2.3 | 0.2 | 0.07 |
| 750 | 45000 | 3.4 | 0.4 | 0.2 |
| 1000 | 60000 | 4.5 | 0.6 | 0.3 |
| 1250 | 75000 | 5.7 | 0.9 | 0.4 |
| 1500 | 90000 | 6.8 | 1.3 | 0.6 |
| 2000 | 120000 | 9.1 | 2.2 | 1.0 |
| 2500 | 150000 | 11.3 | 3.3 | 1.4 |
| 12 inches | ||||
| Volume Flow (gal/min) |
Volume Flow (gal/hr) |
Velocity (ft/sec) |
Friction Head (ft/100ft) |
Friction Loss (psi/100 ft) |
| 350 | 21000 | 1.1 | 0.04 | 0.02 |
| 400 | 24000 | 1.3 | 0.05 | 0.02 |
| 450 | 27000 | 1.4 | 0.06 | 0.03 |
| 500 | 30000 | 1.6 | 0.07 | 0.03 |
| 750 | 45000 | 2.4 | 0.2 | 0.07 |
| 1000 | 60000 | 3.2 | 0.3 | 0.1 |
| 1250 | 75000 | 4.0 | 0.4 | 0.2 |
| 1500 | 90000 | 4.8 | 0.6 | 0.2 |
| 2000 | 120000 | 6.4 | 0.9 | 0.4 |
| 2500 | 150000 | 8.0 | 1.4 | 0.6 |
| 3000 | 180000 | 9.6 | 2.0 | 0.9 |
| 3500 | 210000 | 11.2 | 2.7 | 1.2 |
| 4000 | 240000 | 12.8 | 3.4 | 1.5 |
| 14 inches | ||||
| Volume Flow (gal/min) |
Volume Flow (gal/hr) |
Velocity (ft/sec) |
Friction Head (ft/100ft) |
Friction Loss (psi/100 ft) |
| 500 | 30000 | 1.3 | 0.04 | 0.02 |
| 750 | 45000 | 2.0 | 0.09 | 0.04 |
| 1000 | 60000 | 2.6 | 0.2 | 0.07 |
| 1250 | 75000 | 3.3 | 0.3 | 0.1 |
| 1500 | 90000 | 3.9 | 0.3 | 0.2 |
| 2000 | 120000 | 5.2 | 0.6 | 0.3 |
| 2500 | 150000 | 6.5 | 0.9 | 0.4 |
| 3000 | 180000 | 7.9 | 1.2 | 0.5 |
| 3500 | 210000 | 9.2 | 1.7 | 0.7 |
| 4000 | 240000 | 10.5 | 2.1 | 0.9 |
| 4500 | 270000 | 11.8 | 2.6 | 1.1 |
| 5000 | 300000 | 13.1 | 3.2 | 1.4 |
| 5500 | 330000 | 14.4 | 3.8 | 1.7 |
| 6000 | 360000 | 15.7 | 4.5 | 2.0 |
| 6500 | 490000 | 17.0 | 5.2 | 2.3 |
| 7000 | 420000 | 18.3 | 6.0 | 2.6 |
| 16 inches | ||||
| Volume Flow (gal/min) |
Volume Flow (gal/hr) |
Velocity (ft/sec) |
Friction Head (ft/100ft) |
Friction Loss (psi/100 ft) |
| 500 | 30000 | 1.0 | 0.02 | 0.01 |
| 750 | 45000 | 1.5 | 0.05 | 0.02 |
| 1000 | 60000 | 2.0 | 0.08 | 0.04 |
| 1250 | 75000 | 2.5 | 0.1 | 0.05 |
| 1500 | 90000 | 3.0 | 0.2 | 0.08 |
| 2000 | 120000 | 4.0 | 0.3 | 0.1 |
| 2500 | 150000 | 5.0 | 0.5 | 0.2 |
| 3000 | 180000 | 6.0 | 0.6 | 0.3 |
| 3500 | 210000 | 7.0 | 0.9 | 0.4 |
| 4000 | 240000 | 8.0 | 1.1 | 0.5 |
| 4500 | 270000 | 9.0 | 1.4 | 0.6 |
| 5000 | 300000 | 10.0 | 1.7 | 0.7 |
| 5500 | 330000 | 11.0 | 2.0 | 0.9 |
| 6000 | 360000 | 12.0 | 2.3 | 1.0 |
| 6500 | 490000 | 13.0 | 2.7 | 1.2 |
| 7000 | 420000 | 14.0 | 3.1 | 1.3 |
| 7500 | 450000 | 15.0 | 3.5 | 1.5 |
| 8000 | 480000 | 16.0 | 4.0 | 1.7 |
| 8500 | 510000 | 17.0 | 4.4 | 1.9 |
| 9000 | 540000 | 18.0 | 4.9 | 2.1 |
Pressure loss values can be calculated with the Hazen-Williams Equation or the Darcy-Weisbach Formula.
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