Cooling Mode and Heat Flux

Heat flux for various cooling modes

The table below can be used to indicate the maximum heat flux for various cooling modes.

Cooling Mode Heat Flux
(kW/m2)
Free Convection Air 0.5
Forced Convection Air 5
Free Convection Immersion 10
Forced Convection Immersion 500
Forced Convection Boiling 1000
Impingement Air 10
Jet Immersion, single phase 400
Jet Immersion, boiling 900
  • 1 Btu/ ft2 h = 3.1525 W/m2

Based on 85oC surface temperature and 20oC ambient temperature.

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