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Cooling Mode and Heat Flux

Heat flux for various cooling modes

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The table below can be used to indicate the maximum heat flux for various cooling modes.

Cooling Mode Heat Flux
(kW/m2)
Free Convection Air 0.5
Forced Convection Air 5
Free Convection Immersion 10
Forced Convection Immersion 500
Forced Convection Boiling 1000
Impingement Air 10
Jet Immersion, single phase 400
Jet Immersion, boiling 900
  • 1 Btu/ ft2 h = 3.1525 W/m2

Based on 85oC surface temperature and 20oC ambient temperature.

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