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Mixture of gases are common in many applications. Our most common example is air - mainly consisting of nitrogen, oxygen and water vapor - moist air. Combustion gas, mainly consisting of nitrogen, water vapor and carbon dioxide, is an other example.
Special care must be taken for gas mixtures when using the ideal gas law, calculating the mass, the individual gas constant or the density.
The Ideal Gas Law for a perfect or ideal gas adapted for a gas mixture:
pV = mmGmT (1)
where
p = absolute pressure in the mixture (N/m2, lb/ft2)
V = volume of the mixture(m3, ft3)
mm = mass of the mixture (kg, lb)
G = the individual gas constant for the mixture (J/kg K, ft lb/slugs oR)
T = absolute temperature in the mixture (oK, oR)
The mass of the mixture can be expresses as:
mm = m1 + m2 +..+ mn (2)
where
m1 + m2 +..+ mn = the mass of each gas component in the mixture
The individual gas constant for the gas mixture can be expressed as:
Gm = (G1m1+ G2m2 +..+ Gnmn) / (m1 + m2 +..+ mn ) (3)
The density of a gas mixture can be calculated as:
ρm = (ρ1v1 + ρ2v2 + .. + ρnvn)/(v1 + v2 + .. + vn ) (4)
where
ρm = density of the gas mixture (kg/m3, lb/ft3)
ρ1 .. ρn = density of each of the components (kg/m3, lb/ft3)
v1 + v2 + .. + vn = volume share of each of the components (m3, ft3)
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