Fire-Stop Ratings

Openings for electrical and HVAC installations in smoke and fire-rated constructions must be sealed to resist the passage of heat, fire and smoke.

Fire stop systems are typically categorized according through-penetration of

• flames
• temperature
• smoke

Ratings according ASTM E814,"Fire Tests of Through Penetration Fire Stops" are

F-rating, Flame Ratings

The F-rating is expressed in hours and the number indicates the specific length of time that a barrier can withstand fire before being consumed or before permitting the passage of flame through the opening.

A F-rated opening shall also withstand a hose stream test.

T-rating, Thermal Ratings

The T-rating is expressed in hours and the number indicates the length of time that the temperature on the non-fire side of the penetration does not exceed 325 ^oF (163 ^oC) above the ambient temperature. This ensures that the temperature on the side of the wall away from the flame does not reach the flash point of any materials on that side of the wall.

L-rating, Smoke Ratings

The L-rating is the amount of air (or cold smoke) that can leak through a penetration and the number indicates the amount of air in cubic feet per minute.

L-ratings are tested with a differential pressure of 0.30 inches water column (75 Pa) at 75 ^oF and at 400 ^oF.

Temperature ^oC
K
^oF

Length m
km
in
ft
yards
miles
naut miles

Area m²
km²
in²
ft²
miles²
acres

Volume m³
liters
in³
ft³
us gal

Weight kg_f
N
lbf

Velocity m/s
km/h
ft/min
ft/s
mph
knots

Pressure Pa
bar
mm H₂O
kg/cm²
psi
inches H₂O

Flow m³/s
m³/h
US gpm
cfm