Feed Water Treatment - Avoiding Corrosion

The make-up water to steam boilers should be treated with oxygen scavengers to avoid serious corrosion problems

Corrosion is a major problem in steam systems with high consumption of make-up water. Fresh water contains dissolved oxygen. Oxygen together with the high temperature is highly corrosive for the carbon steel piping used in steam systems.

To avoid corrosion the oxygen in the make-up water should be removed by using some kind of scavenger chemicals and/or deaeration towers.

Scavenger Chemicals

Some commonly used scavenger chemicals are

• Sodium Sulfite - common in low and medium pressure systems
• Hydrazine - common in high pressure systems
• Sodium erythorbate

Sodium Sulfite

Sodium Sulfite is a white crystalline or powder soluble in water. Sodium Sulfite decomposes on heating and is prepared from sulfur dioxide and sodium carbonate or caustic soda.

Sodium Sulfite is an effective scavenger for use in systems operating below 1,000 psi. For pressures above 1,000 psi breakdowns may form corrosive Hydrogen Sulfide and/or Sulfur Dioxide. Sodium Sulfite may also increase the amount of dissolved solids and the conductivity of the boiler water.

Hydrazine

Hydrazine efficiently eliminates the residual oxygen by reacting with the oxygen forming water and gaseous nitrogen.

Since hydrazine is a toxic chemical it must not be used in steam plants supporting food processing systems (FDA - U.S. Food and Drug Administration).

Sodium Erythorbate

Erythorbic acid and its sodium salt can replace Sodium sulfite and Hydrazine as oxygen scavengers. Sodium Erythorbate is a non toxic oxygen scavenger that can be used also in food processing systems.

Adding Scavenger Chemicals

For best performance the chemical should be added in a storage tank before the feed tank. The efficiency of a scavenger is increased with longer reaction time. Adding to the make-up directly to the make-up water feed line is not recommended due to the short reaction time.

Deareation Tower

The make-up water should always be fed to the feed tank through a deareation tower on the top of the tank. The high temperature in the tank will reduce the ability of water to keep oxygen (and gases in general) dissolved. The oxygen will be forced out of the water and vented away from the system.

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